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Palm oil vs. Coconut oil — Health Impact and Nutrition Comparison

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Article author photo Victoria Mazmanyan by Victoria Mazmanyan | Last updated on June 02, 2023
Medically reviewed by Astghik Baghinyan Article author photo Astghik Baghinyan
Palm oil
vs
Coconut oil

Summary

Coconut oil and palm oil are both high-calorie foods, consisting primarily of fats. 

They completely lack protein and carbohydrates and are low in micronutrients. However, palm oil is relatively richer in vitamin E and vitamin K when compared to coconut oil.

Research suggests that palm oil is a healthier choice than coconut oil for cardiovascular health due to its lower saturated fat content. Both can have positive effects for people with diabetes type 2.

Overall, these oils can be healthy when used in moderation and as part of a healthy diet.

Introduction

Coconut oil and palm oil are both edible vegetable oils derived from palm fruits that are also widely used in personal care.

In this article, we will discuss how these oils are produced and talk about their nutritional composition and impact on health, comparing them along the way.

Production

The initial substance in coconut oil production is, naturally, a coconut. After cracking the coconut, the white endosperm is removed and dried. This dried coconut meat, also known as copra, undergoes solvent extraction or is pressed with a special tool to attain the unrefined oil. To then produce refined oil, the initial oil goes through more steps: it is mixed with agents to change the texture of the oil, and chemical solvents are added to remove free fatty acids. Later, this substance is filtered through clay and, finally, heated to remove the remaining scent.

Palm oil is primarily made from the African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Oil can be produced from both the palm fruit and the crushed kernel; however, kernel oil has different qualities compared with palm fruit oil. First, the palm fruits are steamed and pressed to remove the solids from the oil. Then this oil is processed and refined to remove impurities from it. Later, this refined oil is fractionated into liquid and solid fats. Each fraction is used to produce various products.

Taste and Use

Vegetable oils are very versatile. They are used in numerous industries as ingredients in food, cosmetics, and even as biofuels.

Coconut oil is predominantly used as cooking oil, body and hair oil, and industrial oil. It is also used in the manufacture of sweets, margarine, as well as paints, and pharmaceutical agents (1).

Palm oil is said to be present in half of the products on supermarket shelves. You can find it in most foods, cosmetics, and hygiene products.

Depending on the type of coconut oil, it can taste different. Unrefined coconut oil does have a taste of coconut, whereas refined coconut oil does not and, therefore, has a more neutral flavor.

The taste of palm oil is often sweet, similar to carrots, or neutral and mellow.

Varieties

Coconut oil comes in three forms, depending on the processing method: unrefined, also known as virgin or extra virgin, refined, and partially hydrogenated. Unrefined coconut oil is made by pressing the oil out of the coconut meat. Based on the method, unrefined coconut oil can also be expeller-pressed or cold-pressed. This oil has a stronger coconut taste and scent, as well as a lower smoke point. 

Refined coconut oil does not have a coconut flavor or odor but has a higher smoke point, which makes this oil more appropriate for cooking with high heat.

Partially hydrogenated coconut oil is the most processed version of the three. The process of hydrogenating the oil turns the unsaturated fats into saturated fats, creating unhealthy trans fats along the way. This oil has a longer shelf life and a more solid form at room temperature.

Palm oil can be classified into three common types based on the part of the palm used in its production. Oil derived from the palm fruit is simply named palm oil, while oil made from the palm seed or stone is called palm kernel oil. By further processing palm kernel oil, fractionated palm kernel oil is produced.

Just like the coconut oil, palm oil can also be classified as crude, semi- and fully refined. Refined palm oil undergoes processing, which deodorizes the oil, and gives it a neutral flavor.

Compared to unrefined coconut oil, unrefined palm oil has a much higher smoke point (2). Whereas palm oil can be used for both shallow and deep frying, light coconut oil is more suitable for shallow frying. 

Nutrition

Depending on the level of processing and type of the oil, the nutritional composition may vary.

Macronutrients and Calories

Edible oils are overall not very diverse in nutrients, they also contain negligible amounts of water.

Coconut and palm oil have equal serving sizes: one tablespoon weighing 13.6g.

Calories

Vegetable oils are very high in calories. Coconut and palm oil contain similar amounts of calories.

One serving size of coconut oil contains 121 calories, while palm oil contains 120.

Fats

Edible oils consist primarily of fats. 

Coconut oil consists of 99% fats, whereas palm oil is nearly 100% fat. This means that one serving size of coconut oil (13.6g) contains 13.5g of fats.

The fat in coconut oil consists of 91% saturated fatty acids. Next by portion are monounsaturated fatty acids, and last, polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Palm oil contains a lot more monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, saturated fat still makes up the majority.

You can find the fat composition chart of these two oils below.

Fat Type Comparison

Fat type breakdown side-by-side comparison
Contains less Saturated Fat -40.2%
Contains more Monounsaturated Fat +484.3%
Contains more Polyunsaturated fat +446.4%
52% 39% 10%
Saturated Fat: 49.3 g
Monounsaturated Fat: 37 g
Polyunsaturated fat: 9.3 g
91% 7% 2%
Saturated Fat: 82.475 g
Monounsaturated Fat: 6.332 g
Polyunsaturated fat: 1.702 g
Contains less Saturated Fat -40.2%
Contains more Monounsaturated Fat +484.3%
Contains more Polyunsaturated fat +446.4%

The fat composition changes for partially hydrogenated oils, as poly- and monounsaturated fats turn into saturated fat.

Both palm and coconut oils contain no cholesterol

Protein and Carbohydrates

Coconut and palm oil contain no protein or carbohydrates.

Vitamins

Both oils contain only two vitamins: vitamin K and vitamin E, although the amounts are negligible in coconut oil. 

Meanwhile, one tablespoon of palm oil provides about 14% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin E

Please note: the charts below are given for 300 grams of serving. 

Vitamin Comparison

Vitamin comparison score is based on the number of vitamins by which one or the other food is richer. The "coverage" charts below show how much of the daily needs can be covered by 300 grams of the food.
:
Contains more Vitamin E +14390.9%
Contains more Vitamin K +1233.3%
Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin D Vitamin C Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B5 Vitamin B6 Folate Vitamin B12 Vitamin K 0% 319% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 20%
Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin D Vitamin C Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B5 Vitamin B6 Folate Vitamin B12 Vitamin K 0% 3% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 2%
Contains more Vitamin E +14390.9%
Contains more Vitamin K +1233.3%

Minerals

The amount of minerals in coconut and palm oils is negligible.  

Mineral Comparison

Mineral comparison score is based on the number of minerals by which one or the other food is richer. The "coverage" charts below show how much of the daily needs can be covered by 300 grams of the food.
Contains more Calcium +∞%
Contains more Iron +400%
Contains more Zinc +∞%
Calcium Iron Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Zinc Copper Manganese Selenium 0% 1% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
Calcium Iron Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Zinc Copper Manganese Selenium 1% 2% 0% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0%
Contains more Calcium +∞%
Contains more Iron +400%
Contains more Zinc +∞%

Glycemic Index

As both coconut oil and palm oil contain no carbohydrates, their glycemic indices are equal to 0.

Acidity

Raw coconut is alkaline; however, through heating and further processing, coconut oil becomes acidic with an average pH ranging from 3.5 to 5.5 (3).

Palm oil is also slightly acidic, on average, its pH value equals 6.34 (4).

Another way to look at the acidity of a food is by looking at the potential renal acid load (PRAL), which shows the capacity of the food to produce bases or acids.

The PRAL value for both coconut oil and palm oil is 0, making these oils neutral.

Weight Loss

Both coconut and palm oils are very high in calories due to their high-fat content. One tablespoon of these oils contains around 120 calories.

Despite its high caloric value, coconut oil is often claimed to aid weight loss. Most research doesn’t support the idea that coconut oil can lead to weight loss when used on its own. When used as part of a low-calorie, balanced diet, coconut oil could increase high-density lipoproteins and decrease the total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein ratio in men with obesity (5).

However, many studies have concluded that there is not enough consistent evidence that coconut oil has beneficial effects on energy metabolism, satiety, or weight loss (6, 7, 8).

Studies on the association between palm oil consumption and weight loss have not achieved significant results as well. There is also insufficient evidence to claim palm oil’s superior qualities over other vegetable oils in obesity management (9).

Health Impact

In this section, we will discuss what effects coconut oil and palm oil have on human health and how these effects compare to each other.

Health Benefits

Cardiovascular Health

One meta-analysis concluded that while coconut oil raises high-density lipoproteins (also known as “good” cholesterol), this benefit does not outweigh the negative impact it causes by also elevating low-density lipoproteins (also known as"bad" cholesterol) (10). In contrast, another study found that daily consumption of moderate amounts of coconut oil raises high-density lipoproteins and shows no significant harmful side effects (11).

In the first study, coconut oil also significantly increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, compared with palm oil and other vegetable oils, due to the high saturated fat content (10).

However, in comparison to animal oils, coconut oil demonstrated more favorable changes in blood lipid profile, lowering low-density lipoproteins. Virgin coconut oil showed the best results (12).

Some research carried out on animals has concluded that coconut oil is associated with an improvement in antioxidant activity, lipid profile, blood pressure, blood sugar, and abdominal body fat (13). These effects still have to be studied in humans.

Meta-analyses on the topic of palm oil consumption have concluded that it does not have incremental risks for cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular disease-related mortality (14, 15).

Diabetes

Multiple studies have found that coconut oil, especially virgin coconut oil, may ameliorate lipid profiles in diabetes mellitus type 2 (16, 17), support normal glucose homeostasis, and modulate the immune response (18). Virgin coconut oil may also be used as a functional food to prevent the development of diet-induced insulin resistance and associated complications, potentially due to its antioxidant qualities (19).

Some studies show that substituting red palm oil as an antioxidant may reduce blood glucose in diabetic patients (20, 21). However, others have not found significant effects of palm oil on biomarkers of glucose metabolism (22).

Cancer

Coconut oil has expressed antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic responses in tumor cells (23). Virgin coconut oil, as well as processed and fractionated coconut oil, have shown anticancer activities, especially against liver and oral cancer (24). Moreover, virgin coconut oil consumption during chemotherapy may also improve the quality of life for breast cancer patients (25).

As for palm oil consumption and cancer correlation, there is no evidence associating palm oil intake and a higher risk of cancer, or improved outcomes (26).

Downsides and Risks

Cardiovascular Health

American Heart Association states that due to high saturated fats, coconut oil raises low-density lipoproteins, which can pose a risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (10).

The use of repeatedly heated palm oil, as well as other oils, is also a predisposing factor of atherosclerosis and the consequent cardiovascular issues (27).

Environmental Issues

The widespread palm oil production can cause environmental hazards that negatively affect not only our health but also nature. Large-scale palm oil production leads to deforestation, destruction of the habitats of endangered species, and an increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, further contributing to climate change (28).

Article author photo Victoria Mazmanyan
Education: General Medicine at YSMU
Last updated: June 02, 2023
Medically reviewed by Astghik Baghinyan

Infographic

Palm oil vs Coconut oil infographic
Infographic link

Macronutrient Comparison

Macronutrient breakdown side-by-side comparison
Contains more Water +∞%
Contains more Other +∞%
Equal in Fats - 99.06
100%
Protein: 0 g
Fats: 100 g
Carbs: 0 g
Water: 0 g
Other: 0 g
99%
Protein: 0 g
Fats: 99.06 g
Carbs: 0 g
Water: 0.03 g
Other: 0.91 g
Contains more Water +∞%
Contains more Other +∞%
Equal in Fats - 99.06

Comparison summary table

Pay attention to the rightmost column. It displays the amounts side by side, giving a clearer understanding of the difference.
Palm oil Coconut oil
Lower in Saturated Fat ok
Lower in price ok
Rich in minerals ok
Lower in Sugar Equal
Lower in Sodium Equal
Lower in Cholesterol Equal
Lower in Glycemic Index Equal
Rich in vitamins Equal

All nutrients comparison - raw data values

Nutrient Palm oil Coconut oil Opinion
Fats 100g 99.06g Palm oil
Calories 884kcal 892kcal Coconut oil
Calcium 0mg 1mg Coconut oil
Iron 0.01mg 0.05mg Coconut oil
Zinc 0mg 0.02mg Coconut oil
Vitamin E 15.94mg 0.11mg Palm oil
Vitamin K 8µg 0.6µg Palm oil
Trans Fat 0.028g Palm oil
Saturated Fat 49.3g 82.475g Palm oil
Monounsaturated Fat 37g 6.332g Palm oil
Polyunsaturated fat 9.3g 1.702g Palm oil
Omega-6 - Linoleic acid 1.676g Coconut oil
Omega-3 - ALA 0.019g Coconut oil

Which food is preferable for your diet?

ok
ok
is better in case of low diet
Palm oil Coconut oil
Low Fats diet ok
Low Carbs diet Equal
Low Calories diet ok
Low Glycemic Index diet Equal

People also compare

Vitamins & Minerals Daily Need Coverage Score

The summary scores indicate the extent to which this food can fulfill your daily vitamin and mineral requirements if you consume 3 servings, consisting of 100 grams of each (an approximation of 3 serving sizes).
Vitamins Daily Need Coverage Score
28%
Palm oil
0%
Coconut oil
Minerals Daily Need Coverage Score
0%
Palm oil
0%
Coconut oil

Comparison summary

Which food is lower in Saturated Fat?
Palm oil
Palm oil is lower in Saturated Fat (difference - 33.175g)
Which food is cheaper?
Palm oil
Palm oil is cheaper (difference - $0.2)
Which food is richer in minerals?
Coconut oil
Coconut oil is relatively richer in minerals
Which food contains less Sugar?
?
The foods are relatively equal in Sugar (0 g)
Which food contains less Sodium?
?
The foods are relatively equal in Sodium (0 mg)
Which food contains less Cholesterol?
?
The foods are relatively equal in Cholesterol (0 mg)
Which food is lower in glycemic index?
?
The foods have equal glycemic indexes (0)
Which food is richer in vitamins?
?
It cannot be stated which food is richer in vitamins. See the charts below for detailed information. See the charts below for detailed information. See the charts below for detailed information.

References

All the values for which the sources are not specified explicitly are taken from FDA’s Food Central. The exact link to the food presented on this page can be found below.

  1. Palm oil - https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171015/nutrients
  2. Coconut oil - https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171412/nutrients

All the Daily Values are presented for males aged 31-50, for 2000-calorie diets.

Data provided by FoodStruct.com should be considered and used as information only. Please consult your physician before beginning any diet.