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Fenugreek vs Fennel - Health impact and Nutrition Comparison

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Article author photo Elen Khachatrian by Elen Khachatrian | Last updated on April 06, 2021
Education: Nutrition & Microbiology at YSU
Fenugreek
vs
Fennel

Summary

Fenugreek contains more vitamins, minerals, protein, fewer sugars than fennel. On the other hand, fennel has lower sodium, saturated fat and is cheaper. Fenugreek contains 13 times more iron and 30 times more Vitamin B1 than fennel.

Introduction

The main goal of this article is to compare two herbs; fenugreek and fennel. We will discuss their nutritional profiles and their impact on human health. Fenugreek and fennel are different in appearance and taste. The fenugreek seed is a legume, while fennel seeds come from the fennel plant.

Varieties

Fenugreek is also known as methi, a culinary herb used for flavor. It belongs to the Fabaceae family and is cultivated worldwide. Fenugreek is native to the Mediterranean region and Asia. The taste is bitter when eaten raw and sweet and flavorful when it is cooked. Fennel is a flowering plant belonging to the Apiaceae family. It is also native to the Mediterranean region but cultivates in many parts of the world. Raw fennel has a mild licorice flavor, but when it is cooked, the taste becomes more delicate [1] [2].

Uses

Fenugreek is mainly used as an ingredient in Indian cuisine. In Indian subcontinent usually uses yellow or amber-colored fenugreek seeds. It is used in vegetable dishes, dal, pickles, and spice mixes. Florence fennel is one of the main herbs that is used in absinthe. The bulb and fruits of the fennel are used in salads, garnishes, or as flavor sauces.

Nutrition

You can find various charts and infographics on the bottom of our page that visually show the nutritional profile of fennel and fenugreek.

Micronutrients

Generally, fenugreek is richer in micronutrients than fennel. It contains more fats, carbs, protein, and fiber. Moreover, fenugreek contains less sugar than fennel. On the other hand, fennel has less saturated fat. Both contain no cholesterol [3].

Calories

Fenugreek has more calories than fennel. Its calories amount is ten times higher. Fenugreek has 323 calories per 100 g, whereas fennel has 31 calories per 100 g.

Minerals

Overall, fenugreek is richer in minerals than fennel. It contains 13 times more iron, three times more calcium, and ten times more magnesium. The levels of copper, zinc, and phosphorus are also higher in fenugreek. Nonetheless, the fennel contains less sodium [3] [4].

Mineral Comparison

Mineral comparison score is based on the number of minerals by which one or the other food is richer. The "coverage" chart below show how much of the daily needs can be covered by 300 grams of the food
Contains more Calcium +259.2%
Contains more Iron +4493.2%
Contains more Magnesium +1023.5%
Contains more Phosphorus +492%
Contains more Potassium +86%
Contains more Zinc +1150%
Contains more Copper +1581.8%
Contains less Sodium -22.4%
Calcium Iron Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Zinc Copper 53% 1258% 137% 127% 68% 9% 69% 370%
Calcium Iron Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Zinc Copper 15% 28% 13% 22% 37% 7% 6% 22%
Contains more Calcium +259.2%
Contains more Iron +4493.2%
Contains more Magnesium +1023.5%
Contains more Phosphorus +492%
Contains more Potassium +86%
Contains more Zinc +1150%
Contains more Copper +1581.8%
Contains less Sodium -22.4%

Potassium

Potassium is an essential mineral, which helps muscles work and lowers the risk of kidney stones. Our body cannot produce potassium; it comes from the food we eat. In this case, fenugreek has a higher potassium amount. It contains 770 mg per 100 g, whereas fennel has 414 mg per 100 g [3] [4].

Vitamins

The vitamin content of fenugreek is higher than that of fennel. This herb contains 30 times more Vitamin B1, ten times more Vitamin B2, and 11 times more Vitamin B6 than fennel. The amount of Vitamin B3 and Folate is also higher. On the other hand, fennel contains more Vitamin C and Vitamin A. The amount of this Vitamin C is three times higher in fennel. Both nuts contain no Vitamin K and Vitamin D [3] [4].

Vitamin Comparison

Vitamin comparison score is based on the number of vitamins by which one or the other food is richer. The "coverage" chart below show how much of the daily needs can be covered by 300 grams of the food
:
5
Fennel
Contains more Vitamin B1 +3120%
Contains more Vitamin B2 +1043.8%
Contains more Vitamin B3 +156.3%
Contains more Vitamin B6 +1176.6%
Contains more Folate +111.1%
Contains more Vitamin A +1505%
Contains more Vitamin C +300%
Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin D Vitamin C Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B5 Vitamin B6 Folate Vitamin B12 Vitamin K 4% 0% 0% 10% 81% 85% 31% 0% 139% 43% 0% 0%
Vitamin A Vitamin E Vitamin D Vitamin C Vitamin B1 Vitamin B2 Vitamin B3 Vitamin B5 Vitamin B6 Folate Vitamin B12 Vitamin K 58% 12% 0% 40% 3% 8% 12% 14% 11% 21% 0% 157%
Contains more Vitamin B1 +3120%
Contains more Vitamin B2 +1043.8%
Contains more Vitamin B3 +156.3%
Contains more Vitamin B6 +1176.6%
Contains more Folate +111.1%
Contains more Vitamin A +1505%
Contains more Vitamin C +300%

Glycemic Index

The glycemic index is a value assigned to foods based on how those foods cause increases in blood glucose levels. The difference between the glycemic indexes of these herbs is enormous. The estimated glycemic index of fenugreek is 0, whereas the glycemic index of fennel is about 45.

Health Benefits

Diabetes

Fenugreek has properties that may affect both types 1 and 2 diabetes; moreover, it may increase general carb tolerance [5]. According to one study, people who took 100 grams of fenugreek within ten days experienced better blood sugar levels [6]. These benefits are connected to the high fiber level of fenugreek, powerful effects seen when fenugreek was used in whole powder or seeds. Nevertheless, studies show that this herb has a role in improving insulin function [7].

Cancer

Fennel has potent antioxidants, such as Vitamin C and Vitamin A, that may help protect cells against damage from free radicals. Besides, fennel contains folate that can play a role in DNA synthesis and repair, which helps prevent cancer cells from formatting [8]. According to studies, fennel contains limonene, which may help reduce the risk of oxidative stress and has been shown to protect rat cells from damage caused by certain chronic diseases [9].

Weight Loss

Dietary fiber is an essential factor in weight management, which helps people feel full longer. Besides, fenugreek contains vitamin B-6, which plays an essential role in energy metabolism by breaking down carbohydrates and proteins into glucose and amino acids. Overall, fenugreek contains more calories than fennel and has more fats and carbs. Fennel is more acceptable in low calories, fats, or carbs diets. However, people usually use these herbs in minimal quantities, so calories will not matter [10].

Cardiovascular Health

Phytonutrient content in fennel and fenugreek, such as fiber, folate, Vitamin B6, can support heart health. These herbs also contain nutrients like magnesium and calcium, which play an essential role in keeping your heart healthy. According to one study, people who took 4069 mg of potassium daily had a 49.8 percent lower risk of heart disease, while those who consumed 1793 mg potassium had a higher percent [11]. In another study, fiber has been associated with heart disease reduction. Daily 7 grams of fiber intake decreased the risk by 9% [12].

Hormones levels

One of the main reasons men use fenugreek is that this herb may boost testosterone. It has beneficial effects, such as increasing libido. According to one study, 30 men took 600 mg of fenugreek extract. Results show that most participants reported increased strength and improved sexual function [13]. On the other hand, fennel seeds are a good source of phytoestrogens, which may help with hormonal balance in women. Using fennel tea daily can reduce hormonal issue risks, such as polycystic ovaries and hyperthyroidism [14].

Inflammation

According to the mice study, fenugreek extract has anti-inflammation effects. These effects are connected to the high level of antioxidants in fenugreek, such as flavonoids. However, more research is needed in humans [15]. Fennel has an essential nutrient, which is called choline. This nutrient is similar to Vitamin B and can help sleep, muscle movement and reduce chronic inflammation [16].

Bone health

The vitamin and mineral content in fenugreek is essential in building and maintaining bone structure. According to studies, food that contains high levels of magnesium may help in strengthening bones. Besides, iron and zinc are crucial for the production and maturation of collagen. Fenugreek is a good source of these minerals, preventing bone‐related disorders such as osteoporosis [17].

Downsides and Risks

Both herbs are safe for health if consumed in fewer doses. However, side effects of fenugreek include diarrhea and indigestion. The side effects of fennel may include sun sensitivity and a mild increase in menstrual flow [18] [19].

Allergy

Fenugreek allergy occurs mainly due to a primary allergy to peanuts. The symptoms usually include swelling in the throat and mouth, difficulty breathing, and severe asthma. People who have an allergy to peach, celery, or carrot may have an allergy to fennel. The symptoms include vomiting, hives, and rash [18] [19].

References

  1. http://www.isss.ind.in/userfiles/file/2019%20new/Untitled-3.pdf
  2. http://inconnate.com/Download/Fenugreek/document3.pdf
  3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1319562X15002107
  4. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/18313545.pdf
  5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3286242/
  6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2194788/
  7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19857068/
  8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6160559/
  9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28260017/
  10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19353539/
  11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21403995/
  12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3898422/
  13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21312304/
  14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5909942/
  15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19051589/
  16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31368565/
  17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25010626/
  18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23210484/
  19. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9087156/
Article author photo Elen Khachatrian
Education: Nutrition & Microbiology at YSU
Last updated: April 06, 2021

Infographic

Fenugreek vs Fennel infographic
Infographic link

Macronutrient Comparison

Macronutrient breakdown side-by-side comparison
Contains more Protein +1754.8%
Contains more Fats +3105%
Contains more Carbs +699.3%
Contains more Other +223.8%
Contains more Water +920.5%
23% 6% 58% 9% 3%
Protein: 23 g
Fats: 6.41 g
Carbs: 58.35 g
Water: 8.84 g
Other: 3.4 g
7% 90%
Protein: 1.24 g
Fats: 0.2 g
Carbs: 7.3 g
Water: 90.21 g
Other: 1.05 g
Contains more Protein +1754.8%
Contains more Fats +3105%
Contains more Carbs +699.3%
Contains more Other +223.8%
Contains more Water +920.5%

Fat Type Comparison

Fat type breakdown side-by-side comparison
Contains less Saturated Fat -93.8%
100%
Saturated Fat: 1.46 g
Monounsaturated Fat: 0 g
Polyunsaturated fat: 0 g
28% 21% 52%
Saturated Fat: 0.09 g
Monounsaturated Fat: 0.068 g
Polyunsaturated fat: 0.169 g
Contains less Saturated Fat -93.8%

Comparison summary table

Pay attention to the most right column. It shows the amounts side by side, making it easier to realize the amount of difference.
Fenugreek Fennel
Lower in Sugar ok
Lower in glycemic index ok
Rich in minerals ok
Lower in Sodium ok
Lower in Saturated Fat ok
Lower in price ok
Lower in Cholesterol Equal
Rich in vitamins Equal

All nutrients comparison - raw data values

Nutrient Fenugreek Fennel Opinion
Net carbs 33.75g 4.2g Fenugreek
Protein 23g 1.24g Fenugreek
Fats 6.41g 0.2g Fenugreek
Carbs 58.35g 7.3g Fenugreek
Calories 323kcal 31kcal Fenugreek
Sugar 3.93g Fenugreek
Fiber 24.6g 3.1g Fenugreek
Calcium 176mg 49mg Fenugreek
Iron 33.53mg 0.73mg Fenugreek
Magnesium 191mg 17mg Fenugreek
Phosphorus 296mg 50mg Fenugreek
Potassium 770mg 414mg Fenugreek
Sodium 67mg 52mg Fennel
Zinc 2.5mg 0.2mg Fenugreek
Copper 1.11mg 0.066mg Fenugreek
Vitamin A 60IU 963IU Fennel
Vitamin A RAE 3µg 48µg Fennel
Vitamin E 0.58mg Fennel
Vitamin C 3mg 12mg Fennel
Vitamin B1 0.322mg 0.01mg Fenugreek
Vitamin B2 0.366mg 0.032mg Fenugreek
Vitamin B3 1.64mg 0.64mg Fenugreek
Vitamin B5 0.232mg Fennel
Vitamin B6 0.6mg 0.047mg Fenugreek
Folate 57µg 27µg Fenugreek
Vitamin K 62.8µg Fennel
Tryptophan 0.391mg Fenugreek
Threonine 0.898mg Fenugreek
Isoleucine 1.241mg Fenugreek
Leucine 1.757mg Fenugreek
Lysine 1.684mg Fenugreek
Methionine 0.338mg Fenugreek
Phenylalanine 1.089mg Fenugreek
Valine 1.102mg Fenugreek
Histidine 0.668mg Fenugreek
Saturated Fat 1.46g 0.09g Fennel
Monounsaturated Fat 0.068g Fennel
Polyunsaturated fat 0.169g Fennel

Which food is preferable for your diet?

ok
ok
is better in case of low diet
Fenugreek Fennel
Low Fats diet ok
Low Carbs diet ok
Low Calories diet ok
Low glycemic index diet ok

People also compare

Vitamins & Minerals Daily Need Coverage Score

The summary scores show how much of your all daily needs across all vitamins or minerals this food would cover if you took three 100 grams servings of it (approximation of 3 serving sizes)
Vitamins Daily Need Coverage Score
33%
Fenugreek
28%
Fennel
Minerals Daily Need Coverage Score
261%
Fenugreek
18%
Fennel

Comparison summary

Which food is lower in Sugar?
Fenugreek
Fenugreek is lower in Sugar (difference - 3.93g)
Which food is lower in glycemic index?
Fenugreek
Fenugreek is lower in glycemic index (difference - 45)
Which food is richer in minerals?
Fenugreek
Fenugreek is relatively richer in minerals
Which food contains less Sodium?
Fennel
Fennel contains less Sodium (difference - 15mg)
Which food is lower in Saturated Fat?
Fennel
Fennel is lower in Saturated Fat (difference - 1.37g)
Which food is cheaper?
Fennel
Fennel is cheaper (difference - $1.4)
Which food contains less Cholesterol?
?
The foods are relatively equal in Cholesterol (0 mg)
Which food is richer in vitamins?
?
It cannot be stated which food is richer in vitamins. See the charts below for detailed information. See the charts below for detailed information. See the charts below for detailed information.

References

The source of all the nutrient values on the page (excluding the main article the sources for which are presented separately if present) is the USDA's FoodCentral. The exact links to the foods presented on this page can be found below.

  1. Fenugreek - https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/171324/nutrients
  2. Fennel - https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169385/nutrients

All the Daily Values are presented for males aged 31-50, for 2000 calorie diets.

Data provided by FoodStruct.com should be considered and used as information only. Please consult your physician before beginning any diet.